Alamgir II: Maratha Expansion, Rohilla Defeat & The Road to Panipat The reign of Alamgir II (1754–1759) marks yet another turbulent chapter in the final decline of the Mughal Empire. Named after his illustrious ancest…
Ahmad Shah Bahadur: A Weak Emperor, A Powerful Wazir & Abdali’s Advance The reign of Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748–1754) represents one of the darkest chapters in the decline of the Mughal Empire. Succeeding Muhammad Shah Rang…
Muhammad Shah: End of Mughal Power, Rise of Regional States & Nadir Shah’s Invasion The long reign of Muhammad Shah (1719–1748) marked one of the most dramatic turning points in the history of the Mughal Empire. He inherited an empir…
Farrukhsiyar: Rise with Sayyid Brothers, Fall with Balaji Vishwanath The story of Farrukhsiyar is one of dramatic elevation, political dependence, and a tragic fall. Unlike many Mughal princes who carved their path to …
Jahandar Shah: The Puppet Emperor and the Rise of Zulfikar Khan The death of Bahadur Shah I in 1712 plunged the Mughal Empire into yet another brutal succession battle. Out of this turmoil emerged Jahandar Shah, a…
Bahadur Shah I: Shah-i-Bekhabar and the Beginning of Mughal Decline The death of Aurangzeb in 1707 marked a decisive turning point in Indian history. Into this fragile landscape stepped Bahadur Shah I, originally know…